Method of and apparatus for forming hollow glassware



April 24, 1934. K. E. PEILER 1,955,765

A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Filed Aug. 31,1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fly 1 [noel afar;

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE K. E. PEILER FiledAug. 31, 1931 6" Sheets-Sheet 2 [72 (7672 Zorn" Kcz r'ZETPeL'Zerfliior'ng ys.

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Filed. Aug. 51,1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 L 'I W, 1

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Filed Aug. 31, 19316 .-Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig. 5.

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Filed Aug. 31, 19316 Sheets-Sheet 5 [n aven er; KarZEPez'Zer g m @224 I Wainess:

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Patented Apr. 24, 1934 UNITED STATES METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORM-ING HOLLOW GLASSWARE Karl E. Peiler, West Hartford, Conn., assignor toHartford-Empire Company, Hartford, Conn., a corporation of DelawareApplication August 31, 1931, Serial No. 560,428

Claims.

This invention relates to the manufacture of bottles and othercontainers and similar glassware, by the fill and empty method.

The general object of the invention is to pro- 5 vide a novel methodwhereby charges of glass are gathered directly from the surface of agathering pool by suction and formed into hollow parisons in such amanner that finished glassware may be made more efiiciently and ofbetter quality than heretofore;

This invention is related to, and is an improvement on, an inventiondisclosed in the application of George E. Rowe, Serial No. 560,320,filed concurrently herewith, said invention being a method designated asthe fill and empty method, according to which hollow bodies or parisonsare formed by charging a mold with glass, and thereafter expelling apredetermined amount of glass from the interior of the charge by theapplication of volumetrically controlled air pressure thereto. Suchexpulsion of glass forms a large bubble in the charge, terminatingwithin the mold, thereby forming a hollow body closed at its bottom.

It is a particular object of this invention to provide a novel fill andempty method for forming hollow glassware embodying the broad principlesof the invention in said application of George E. Rowe, but in which thecharges of glass are made hollow by completely expelling a central coreof glass from the interior of each charge and from the mold in which thecharge is gathered, to leave a substantially tubular body in the mold,the open end of which thereafter is closed to form a hollow body such asa parison. The attainment of this object results in exceptionaluniformity in wall thickness of, and/or unusually uniform generaldistribution of glass in, the finished glassware.

g 4 Another object of this invention is to provide a novel method of theabove general character wherein a parison can be completed withoutnecessarily applying air pressure to its interior after the severingoperation, permitting immediate removal of the knife after severing.This eliminates chilling and resulting blemishes and possible breakagein the finished wear, which occurs in the usual suction processemploying compression on the knife.

It also is an object of this invention to provide a novel method of theabove character wherein the lower end of the suction gathered charge ismade hollow before it is severed from the bath, and a hollow connectionformed between the charge and the bath before severing. This hollowconnection may be very thin-walled and be burst to minimize the bubbleson the bath after severing. Because of the thinness of the wall of theconnection, it, or the glass of the bubble or bubbles formed therefrom,may be reasslmilat- Description of process The novel fill and emptyprocess of the invention first is described with particular reference toFigs. 12 to 18 inclusive of the accompanying drawings, in which theprocess is depicted in several typical stages thereof.

As shown in said figures, the instruments employed may, in general, besuch as are used in the ordinary suction process. Said instruments mayinclude a parison mold unit and a finishing or blow mold unit. Theparison mold unit includes the parison body mold M, the neck mold N, theneck plunger P, the suction and blow head H, and the shear blade S. Thefinishing mold unit includes the finishing mold J, the bottom plate K1therefor, and the finish blowhead L.

Such instruments may be embodied in any desired type of automaticglassware forming machine, or may be manually operated.

The procedure .which may be followed in practicing the novel process isas follows:

The parison mold M is lowered into contact with a bath of molten glass.Vacuum is then applied and the mold filled with molten glass in theusual manner, as shown in Fig. 12. This parison mold is like the usualparison mold for the Owens suction process, excepting that its interiorconfiguration is such as to make allowance for the hollow parison andfor the typical change in thickness of the hollow parison walls betweenthe upper and lower ends, as will presently be explained. In sucking theglass into the parison mold,'the plunger or neck pin P forms apreliminary depression in the glass at the upper end of the mold, and ifthe neck ring N is employed, it shapes the exterior of the neck of theglass above the parison mold M.

The parison mold is raised to a convenient distance above the bath assoon as possible, so as to minimize the heating of the mold by the bathof hot glass. The mold should be raised as soon as it is filled, and maybe raised a short time before it is completely filled, depending on itsdimensions. The neck plunger P is allowed to remain in contact with theglass a sufiicient length of time to set the finish of the bottle 1 bythe tip of the plunger is allowed to reheat a proper length of time sothat it will be sufficiently plastic for the next step.

After the expiration of a suitable period for such reheat, air underpressure is admitted to the cavity which was formed by the plunger, andthe glass forming the central core of the glass in the parison mold isblown out, as shown in Fig. 13. During this blow out period, vacuum maybe maintained in the vacuum grooves of the mold, but of course must bedisconnected from the space around the neck plunger. The blow outoperation is continued until the central portion or core is completelyblown out, and so that a bubble protrudes from the lower end of theparison mold, thus forming a hollow connection between the glass in theparison mold and the bath of molten glass.

The object of completely blowing out the central core, until theconnection between the parison mold and the bath is hollow, is to avoidexcessive variation in the amount of glass in the parison, and hence inthe final article.

As soon as the central core has been blown out to the point where theconnection between the parison mold and the bath is at least partlyhollow, the blowing out pressure is discontinued and the glass betweenthe parison mold and the bath is severed by moving a knife blade Sacross the lower end of the parison mold. This severing is preferablydone with a single knife blade moving in contact with the lower end ofthe parison mold, although it may be accomplished by means of a pair ofblades (not shown) spaced below the parison mold. The blowing outoperation is discontinued, preferably just before severing.

After severing, the hollow connection between the parison mold and thebath falls back on the bath, forming a large bubble on its surface. Thishollow connection may, if desired, be burst by continuing the blowingout pressure for a sufficient time just prior to severing, so that thegreater portion of the air in the hollow connection is released by thisbursting, and several smaller bubbles are formed. If this hollowconnection is not burst by the blow-out pressure, it will form a singlelarge bubble or blister, which generally bursts after it falls back ontothe surface of the bath, and in so doing forms several smaller bubbles.In either event, one or more bubbles or blisters are formed on thesurface of the bath as a result of the falling back of the hollowconnection, the bursting merely reducing the size of the bubble.

It is necessary to remove these bubbles from the portion of the glassbath Where the gathering operation takes place, as sucking up of suchbubbles in subsequent charges would form defective charges and defectiveware. These bubbles must then be reheated to a suflicient temperature sothat they will burst and leave the glass free even from small blisters.For this purpose the surface of the glass at the gathering zone is movedaround to a zone of higher temperature where it is properly reheated toa suitable temperature.

The walls of the parison, which are left in place by the operation ofblowing out the central core, are tapered in thickness, being thinnerabove and thicker below. This is due partly to the fact that the glassat the lower end of the parison has been in contact with the mold wallsfor a longer time than has the glass at the upper end of the parison,and is therefore relatively more chilled below and less chilled above.It is also partly due to the fact that both during and after the blowingout operation the glass in the walls, which is still plastic, tends torun down or slump under the influence of gravity, thereby becominggradually thicker at the lower portion and thinner at the upper portion.This tendency is made use of in closing the bottom of the parison afterthe cutting-off operation, as will be explained later.

In severing by the preferred form, the knife S is preferably left incontact with the glass just as short a time as possible. This is alsopreferable when severing with a pair of spaced shear blades. To minimizethe time during which the single knife blade is in contact with theglass, it may be moved completely across the parison mold cavity, beinglowered or moved to one side before returning or being kept out offurther contact on or before its return stroke by further lateral orvertical movement of the parison mold. If it is not possible to move theknife in this manner, it should pause under the parison mold as short atime as possible, and should withdraw immediately.

As the knife cuts through the glass, it forms a very thin film of glass,closing the lower end of the parison so that the parison is hollowexcepting for this thin film across its lower end. This is illustratedin Figs. 14 and 15. After the cut-off is completed, and after the knifeis preferably withdrawn, the glass in the parison walls continues for ashort time to run down as previously described, so that the walls becomethinner up above and thicker below. This causes additional molten glassto accumulate on the thin film which has been chilled by contact withthe shearing surface, and which therefore acts to support thisaccumulating hot glass. *This glass gradually accumulates at the bottomof the parison until it assumes the form shown in Fig. 16 (Fig. 15 showslower end of parison with shear removed, showing thin film abovereferred to). The parison is now ready for transfer to the blow mold.

As a result of the immediate withdrawal of the shear blade and theformation of only a thin slightly chilled supporting film closing thelower end of the parison, the hot glass running down onto this thinfilm, to form the bottom of the parison, reheats the thin film and formsa bottom which is not unduly chilled. This prevents the setting up ofstrains from chill at the bottom of the parison and resultsin ware whichmay be made sufiiciently free from strain in the bottom. It is quitecommon in the ordinary suction process of the Owens type to have theknife cause strains in the bottom of the parison, and subsequently inthe finished ware. These strains cause the central portion of thebottom, and sometimes the entire bottom of the ware, to drop out duringthe annealing of the ware, or may cause the ware to fail by a portion ofthe bottom or the entire bottom dropping out under pressure insubsequent use. The present process gives a great advantage in thisrespect in that this weakness is avoided.

Sometimes air is trapped in the parison by the severing operation, whichif allowed to remain may be expanded by heat and burst the thin film ofglass formed in severing. To prevent this, the interior of the parisonmay be vented immediately after severing in suitable manner.

It is not necessary to apply pressure while the cut-off knife closes thebottom of the parison mold or to support the glass with a bottom platein order to set the parison walls properly against the walls of theparison mold. These operations are rendered unnecessary by the fact thatthe air pressure which blows out the central core of the gathered massof glass in the parison mold serves the same purpose. This air pressureis applied very soon after gathering and while the glass forming theparison walls is still extremely plastic. It therefore acts with greatefficiency to force the glass into intimate contact with the walls ofthe parison mold. Moreover, this air pressure may be considerable, andis therefore quite sufficient for this purpose. 'It is thereforeunnecessary to leave the knife under the parison mold for anyappreciable period of time or to engage a bottom plate with the bottomof the mold. On the contrary, the knife may be immediately withdrawn,with the various advantages which have been described above.

The finished parison is then transferred to the blow mold J for finalblowing into the complete article. This transfer operation is preferablyeffected by first disengaging the parison mold from the parison, leavingit suspended in the neck ring N; then closing the blow mold about thesuspended parison, as shown in Fig. 1'7, and then disengaging the neckring from the parison, leaving the parison suspended in the blow mold. Ablow head L is then applied over the mouth of the parison in the blowmold and the parison is blown to final form as shown in Fig. '18.However, the parison may be blown to final shape in the blow mold whileheld by the neck ring, according to the known practice in the art, ifdesired.

The interior shape of the parison mold M should be suitably made toprovide the proper quantity of glass in the final article, makingallowance for the amount of glass which is blown out with the centralcore. It should also be shaped to take account of the thickness of theparison walls, which varies between the upper and lower ends of theparison. The tendency is for the parison walls to be thinner at the topand thicker below, tapering gradually and quite uniformly between thetop and the bottom. Allowance should also be made for the fact that acertain amount of the glass in the parison walls runs down into thebottom to form a bottom closure for the parison, which is thicker thanthe closing film formed by the severing operation. The thickness of theparison walls at any horizontal plane through the parison tends to bequite uniform and therefore to control the distribution of the glass atany such plane in the finished article. The external diameter of theparison at any given plane may be selected or varied to suit the amountof glass or thickness desired in the walls of the final article at thisplane. The external diameter of the parison at any horizontal crosssection will be greater than that of a corresponding solid parison madeby the existing typical suction process, known in the trade as the Owensprocess. In general, the external contour of a typical parison of myprocess is shown by the Figures 12 to 17, the parison being of largerdiameter at a point between the upper and lower ends than it is at itslower end, although the parison may be made bell-mouthed or flared atits lower end for certain articles, to get more glass in their lowercorners. By allowing for these tendencies, the distribution of glass inthe final article may be readily controlled. The amount of glass in thefinished article may also be controlled by the shape and contents of theparison mold cavity. The amount of glass which is blown out of thecentral core varies somewhat with the type and size of ware being made,and depends upon the dimensions of the ware, particularly the mouth ofthe ware, and upon the relation between the area of its external surfaceto the cubic contents.

The advantages of my novel fill and empty process over the existingsuction process are as follows:

The ware is of better quality and the distribution is under control andis more uniform.

The parison cavity may be made larger and gives more favorableconditions for filling the parison mold.

The greater surface of the parison and its correspondingly thinnersection gives a more efiicient heat absorption from the parison by theparison mold.

There is less difference in temperature needed between the inside andthe outside of the parison.

The parison may be transferred relatively sooner and requires lessreheating time before blowing.

The glass requires less time in the blow mold.

As a result, this process is more efiicient and produces more articlesper mold per minute.

Description of apparatus The apparatus referred to in the abovedescription of the novel process may be embodied in an automatic machinefor carrying out the process.

A convenient embodiment of such a machine, in

itself novel, is illustrated in the drawings wherein elementscorresponding to those shown in Figs. 12 to 18, inclusive, areidentified by the same reference characters.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in longitudinalvertical section of part of a machine and of a container for a pool ofmolten glass, by the employment, of which the method illustrated inFigs. 12 to 18, inclusive, may be practiced;

Fig. 2 is a partially diagrammatic view in front elevation of thecomplete machine shown partially in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view in horizontal sectional top plan of the constructionshown in Fig. 2, and taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view in top plan of timing mechanismembodied in the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 5 is a still further enlarged view in central vertical longitudinalsection and elevation of the parison mold unit of the apparatus shown inFigs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is a partially diagrammatic fragmentary view in horizontalsectional top plan, taken substantially on the line 66 of Figs. 5 and 7;

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are transversesectional views of the timing mechanism.shown in-Fig. 4, and taken respectively on the lines 77, 8-8 and 9-9 ofsaid Fig. 4;

Fig. 10 is a view in end elevation of the parison forming mechanismlooking from the right in Fig. 2, and showing a neck mold openingdevice; and

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view in horizontal section of a pawl operatingair motor associated with the timing mechanism, said View being takensubstantially on the line 11-11 of Fig. 9.

Figures 12 to 18 illustrate the process in several typical stagesthereof.

Referring in detail to the drawings: I

A pool of glass (Fig. 1) is contained in a forehearth or extension 13 ofa glass tank, not shown, but the front wall of which is indicated at14*. The forehearth may comprise a lining 15 of highly refractorymaterial surrounded by insulation 16. In order to assist in thecirculation of the glass, an island 17 of highly refractory material maybe positioned in the forehearth to provide a U-shaped channel orpassageway (not completely shown), the bend of which provides thegathering pool and in one leg of which may be mounted an impellingimplement 18 to provide forced circulation of the glass through thechannel. Such an arrangement for circulating glass is disclosed in thepatent to Karl E. Peiler, No. 1,721,487, granted July 16, 1929, whichalso shows mechanism for moving the impeller in a vertical rectangularpath as indicated by the arrows at 19, or otherwise, while the implementconstantly is maintained in contact with the glass. The implement may bemoved at a greater speed in one horizontal direction than in the other,to cause a circulation of the glass through the pool at the requiredvelocity and in the required manner to remove from the pool chilled bitsof glass and chilled spots and/or bubbles produced by the gathering,blow-out, and severing operations. Such glass may thus be carriedinwardly of the forehearth for reheating and for reassimilation with theother glass in the pool.

The glass in the forehearth may be partially enclosed by means of thecover construction 20, through which the stirring implement 18 projects.That permits heat to be applied to the rear portion of the forehearth torecondition glass therein, as described above.

The parison mold unit, which comprises the suction and blow head H, neckmold N, and neck pin P,'Figs. 1 and 5, may be carried by a column 21,Figs. 1, 2 and 3, journaled intermediate its ends in a block 22, Fig. 1,secured to and extending rearwardly from the top of a channel iron 23,the bottom of which is secured to a bearing 24, mounted on base 25, andthrough which bearing and base the bottom portion of the column 21extends.

Secured to the top of column 21 is a bracket 26. The horizontal portion27 of the bracket carries a pair of rods, one of which is shown at 28,to the ends of which rods a casting 29, Figs. 1, 2 and 5 is secured. Asshown particularly in Fig. 5, the suction and blow head H is formedintegrally with the casting 29, and said casting is bored to receive apivot bolt 31 upon which the holders 32 for the sections of neck mold N,and the holders 33 for the sections of the body mold M, are swingablymounted. See also Figs. 1 and 2. The details of the head H and themechanism for operating the neck mold N and the body mold M are laterexplained.

The column 21 is so mounted that it may be lowered and raised to movethe body mold M into and out of contact with the surface of pool G, andwhen in its raised position, to be swung through an angle ofapproximately 90 in a clockwise direction into a position where thefinishing mold J is located, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In thatposition, a parison is transferred to the finishing mold J, after whichthe column may be raised slightly and then rotated in the oppositedirection again to position the parison forming unit above the pool G.

The mechanism for raising and lowering the column and parts carriedthereby and for swinging the column now is described.

Secured to the column 21 is a collar bearing 34, Fig. 1 with whichcooperates a collar 35, suitable anti-friction bearings being interposedbetween the two collars. Collar 35 which carries the weight of column 21and parts mounted thereon, is supported upon links, one of which isshown at 36, connected at their bottom ends to the end of a lever 37pivoted intermediate its 'ends at 38 on the base 25. A series ofopenings 39 may be formed in the inner end of lever 37 for changing theconnections of links 36 therewith and thereby varying the verticalstroke of column 21.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the outer end of lever 3'7 carries a roller41 which bears against the cam disc 42 adjustably secured to a hub 43fast on a horizontal shaft 44.

Looking at Fig. 2, it will be seen that shaft 44 is journaled at itsright-hand end in a vertical bracket 45 and that said shaft extends tothe left through the spaced vertical pedestals 46 and 47 of a U-shapedbracket 48 on base 25. On its right-hand end, looking at Fig. 2, shaft44 carries a gear 49- in mesh with a pinion 50 of suitable speedreduction mechanism 51 which may be driven by a motor 52. The drivingconnections thus provided for shaft 44 may serve to rotate it and cam 42in a counterclockwise direction looking at Fig. 1.

Mounted on shaft 44 between the vertical arms of bracket 48 is a drum 53of a timer designated generally at T. Drum 53 may carry buttonsadjustably secured to the periphery thereof for operating valves notshown, in a valve chest 54 for controlling the distribution of airpressure to various parts of the machine, in response to the rotation ofshaft 44. The construction of timer T may be substantially the same asthat shown in British Patent No. 257,637 granted to the Hartford-EmpireCo.

Returning to the description of the mechanism for operating the column21, and referring particularly to Fig. 1, it will be seen that cam 42acts on lever 37 to raise and lower column 21 and the parison mold unitcarried thereby. In the position in which the parts are shown in Fig. 1,the parison mold unit is in its uppermost position above the gatheringpool, being so held by the terminal end portion of the high part 56 ofcam 42. As cam 42 continues to rotate in a counterclockwise direction,roller 41 rides in a recess 57 of the cam as a result of which the moldunit is lowered to dip the bottom of the parison body mold M in thegathering pool where it is held for the desired time by a concentricdwell portion 58 of the cam. While so held in lowermost position, theparison mold unit is charged with glass after which the roller 41 islowered by the projecting cam portion 59, then onto a concentric dwellportion 60 which holds the mold unit in a position for the glassdepending from the charge in the mold to be severed by the shear blade S(Fig. 1). Upon com-,

pletion of the severing operation, roller 41 is engaged by the advancedend portion of high part 61 of cam 42 to raise the glass in the moldfrom oil of the shears and to position the mold unit in its uppermostposition in readiness to be swung to the finish blowing station without,however, permitting the shear S to touch the bottom of the charge in themold.

When the parison mold unit has delivered a parison to the finishing moldJ, a lobe 62 on cam 42 causes the unit to be raised so that the neckmold N will clear the top of the parison in the finishing mold when themold unit is to swing back to its gathering position.

For rotating the column 21 and the parison mold unit, a crank arm 64,Figs. 1 and 2, is seby a ball and socket connection 66. At its outerend, link 65 is connected by a ball and socket connection to the bottomend of a lever 67 pivoted at its upper end in the tops of the bracket 45and the pedestal 46 by means of a rock shaft 68 to which the lever issecured. Lever 67 carries a roller 69 which is held in position forengagement by a cam disc 70 adjustably secured to a hub '71 fast onshaft 44.

Thus cam 70 oscillates the parison mold unit horizontally from thegathering position to the supporting timing mechanism T1 and parts-opfinish blowing station and returns the parison mold unit to thegathering station, at appropriate or desired times.

The adjustable mountings of earns 42 and '70 permit the times of raisingand lowering and swinging of the parison mold unit to be varied to suitvarying glass working requirements.

The parison body mold is operated by means of an air motor 73, Figs. 1,2 and 3, secured to the vertical portion '74 of bracket 26. The rod ofair motor '73 is connected to links 74a which in turn are joined tolevers 75 pivoted on the horizontal portion 27 of bracket 26, and inturn connected by links '76 to the holders 33 of the parison body moldM. Air is admitted to and exhausted from the opposite ends of air motor'73 through conduits 7'7 and '78 which lead from the timer T, to openand close the mold at the appropriate times. Thus, the parison body moldis opened at the finish blowing station and is closed at least by thetime that the parison mold unit is returned to the gathering position.

The neck mold N carried by the holders 32 normally yieldingly is heldclosed by a tension spring 32a, Fig. 5. However, the neck mold or neckring is opened at the finish blowing station to release a parisontherefrom by the operation of an air motor 80, Figs. 2, 4 and 10. Airmotor is mounted on the outer end portion of a base 81 erated thereby,said base resting upon and being secured to, the horizontal portion 27of bracket 26 and to the casting 29.

Referring to Fig. 10, it will be seen that the rod 82 of air motor 80carries a cross head 83 to which is connected a vertical rod 84extending downwardly through base 81 and carrying a wedge 85 adapted toenter between lugs 86 on the neck mold holders 32. Rod 84 and wedge 85normally are held in inoperative position by a compression spring 87 andare moved downwardly to open the neck ring by the admission of airpressure to the upper end of motor 80 through a conduit 88 which, asshown in Fig. 2, leads from the timer T.

The details of construction of the parison forming unit including thesuction and blow head H, mechanism for operating the neck pin P, andpassageways and valve mechanism for the introduction of air or vacuuminto the molds of the unit, now are described.

The general construction of. the parison mold unit best is shown in Fig.5. The head H has an outer vacuum chamber 90, and an inner vacuum andpressure chamber 91 separated from chamber by a sleeve 92 mounted in thehead, as shown.

Also mounted in the head H is a valve casing .93, Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5,having a vacuum inlet pipe 94, Figs. 6 and '7, and containing a poppetvalve 95 which controls the admission of vacuum to chamber 90.

Leading downwardly from the chamber 90 are vertical ducts 96 which openinto an annular chamber 9'7 with which chamber ducts 98 in the sectionsof the neck ring N register when the neck ring is closed. Suitablepassages lead off of the ducts 98 to the top of the neck finish portionof the neck mold for applying vacuum thereto, and the bottoms of saidducts are placed in communication with similar vertical ducts 99 in thesections of the body mold M from which ducts vacuum is applied to themold cavity through the joint of the mold when the mold is closed.

The bottom end of sleeve 92 which provides the chamber 91, previouslyreferred to, bears against the top of a nipple 101, supported in thehead H,

and providing an opening 102 into and out of which the neck pin P isprojected and withdrawn to more or less restrict, or to unobstruct thesaid opening.

Vacuum is applied to the chamber 91 and hence to the interior of theneck and body molds to assist in charging the molds with glass, througha vacuum inlet casing 103, Figs. 1, 6 and 7, under the control of thepoppet valve member 104.

The neck pin P, is screw-threaded into the bottom end of a plunger 105slidably mounted in the sleeve 92 for vertical reciprocation in thechamber 91.

Plunger 105 is closed at its upper end by a cap 106, Figs. 2, 5 and '7,connected for lost motion to the top of the plunger by pins 107, theinner ends of which engage slots 260, formed in the plunger. The cap andplunger yieldingly are urged apart by a compression spring 108.Mechanism later described is connected to cap 106 to reciprocate theplunger 105, and thus to yieldingly hold the neck pin P seated or inretracted position at desired times.

After the neck pin P has been retracted, (and I inside vacuum valve 104closed), air under pressure may be admitted to chamber 91 through aconduit 108, Figs. 4, 5 and 8, which leads from an air supply pistonvalve 109 on base 81, having an inlet duct- 110. Such air pressureserves to blow out the hot central core of a charge of glass asillustrated in Fig. 13.

After the blow out and severing operations, it may be desirable to ventair which may be trapped in the hollow body (Figs. 14 and 15) to preventsuch air from bursting the thin bottom of the body. To this end, conduit108 also is connected by conduit 111, Figs. 4 and 8, to a vent valve 112on base 81, and having an exhaust pipe 113.

The operation of the neck pin, and ot the air, vacuum supply and ventdevices, occur in predetermined order under the control ofthe timingmechanism T1, associated with the parison forming unit. The operativeeflect of the timing mechanism T1 in turn is controlled by timer T.

The timer T1 comprises a suitable electric motor 115, Figs. 1 and 2, onthe top of bracket 26, said motor driving a chain which. passes around asprgcket wheel 116. Wheel 116 is mounted on worm shaft 117, Figs. 1 and4, which drives worm gear 118 loosely mounted on cam shaft 119 extendinglongitudinally of, and suitably journaled in brackets on, the base 81.

Cam shaft 119 is preferably intermittently rotated from worm gear 118 bypawl and ratchet mechanism indicated at 121, in Figs. 1, 4 and 9, for

fluid pressure operated detent indicated generally at 123, Figs. 1, 4, 9and 11.

The detent is moved to inoperative position to permit motor to drive camshaft 119 for the desired periods of time, by the admission of airpressure thereto through a conduit 123, which as shown in Fig. 2 leadsfrom the timer T. Upon exhaust of fluid pressure through conduit 123 andthe timer, the detent is moved into operative position, tripping thepawl 122 out of engagement with its ratchet wheel, thereby stopping therotation of the cam shaft. Thus it will be seen that the times at whichthe cam shaft is rotated and the angular rotation of the cam shaft, maybe variably controlled from the timer T.

Cam shaft 119 carries a cam 125, Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 7, for operating theneck pin P; a cam 126 for operating the inside vacuum valve 104; a cam127 (Figs. 4 and 8) for operating the outside vacuum valve 95; a cam 128for operating the empty or expelling air supply valve 109; and a cam 129for operating the vent valve 112.

Each of the cams to 129 may be made in two parts (Fig. 4) one part ofwhich may be fastened to shaft 119 by a set screw and the other part ofwhich may be adjustably secured to the first part to vary the length ofthe cam edge and thus change the times of beginning and ending at whichthe particular mechanism controlled by the cam is operated and/ or theperiod of operation. By means of the set screws, each cam may beadjusted as a whole relative to the cam shaft to vary the times ofbeginning and ending of operation of the device which the cams control.

Motion is transmitted from the various cams to effect a complete cycleof operations, preferably during a single rotation of the cam shaftthrough 360, in a counterclockwise direction, looking at Figs. 4, 7 and8.

Motion is transmitted from cam 125 to the neck pin P through a bellcrank 130 loose on a shaft 131 suitably mounted on base 81. See Figs. 1,2, 4 and 7. The lower arm of a bell crank 130 is connected by links 132,Fig. 7, to the cap 106 on the top of plunger 105, said links beingpivoted on the outer ends of pins 107, previously referred to. Theupwardly extending arm of bell crank 130 carries a roller 133 whichengages the cam 125.

Similarly, motion is transmitted from cam 126 to inside vacuum valve 104through a bell crank 134, Figs. 1, 4 and 7. the downwardly extending armof which has an adjustable connection with the stem of valve 104 (asshown), its other laterally extending arm carrying a cam roller 135which rides on cam 126.

A bell crank 136 loose on the shaft 131, and which includes an upwardlyextending arm carrying cam roller 137, Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 8, and alaterally extending arm which carries a screw bolt 138 adjustabletherein, (Fig. 5) serves to transmit motion from cam 127 to outsidevacuum valve 95.

Cam 128 is engaged by a roller 140 on a bell crank 141 on shaft 131,Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 8, which bell crank is suitably connected to airsupply valve 109.

Likewise cam 129 operates a lever 142 on shaft 131 carrying cam roller143 on its upper end, and connected at its lower end to rod 144, of themovable valve member of vent valve 112.

The glass severing mechanism includes blade S oscillated by means of anair motor 145, Figs. 1 and 3, to and from the ends of which air pressureis admitted and exhausted through conduits 146 and 147 which, as showninFig. 2, lead from the timer T. The blade S may be suitably mounted inholder 148, on vertical rock shaft 149 suitably joumaled in a bearingmember 151 secured to the rear side of block 22. Rock shaft 149 carriescrank arm 152 on its bottom end, connected by link 153 to a cross head154 on the rod of air motor 155. See Figs. 1 and 3. Thus reciprocationof the air motor under control of timer T serves to swing the shearblade to effect a severing operation as indicated in Fig. 3 preferablyat the time that the parison mold unit is held in shearing position bycam 42, as previously explained.

The single shear blade may be replaced by a double shear blade mechanismof known type, if desired.

Thefinishingmold J is of the sectional type, the sections of which arecarried by holders 157, Figs. 2 and 3, pivoted at 158 on a bracket 159carried by a channel iron 160 secured to the base 25. Pivotallyconnected to the holders 157 is a cross head 161 reciprocated to openand close the mold J by an air motor 162 to which air is supplied andfrom which it is exhausted by conduits 163 and 164 leading from timer T.

A bottom closure K1 is provided for the finishing mold, said closurebeing mounted on an arm 165 pivoted at 166 and held in the path of apush rod 167 mounted in the depending portion 168 of cross head 169 ofthe finishing mold mechanism so that operations of air motor 162 serveto raise the bottom closure K1 into a position to be enclosed by thefinishing mold J, and to lower the bottom closure into the position inwhich it is shown in Fig. 2 as the finishing mold is opened, for thedischarge of a finished article of glassware.

A blow head L also may be associated with the finishing mold J. Saidblow head may be of the similar construction, and operated by mechanismsimilar to that shown in British Patent No. 257,637, previously referredto, for operating the blow heads in the patent. The blow head mechanismwhich includes an air motor 171 is mounted in bracket 172, extendingfrom bracket 159 of the mold mechanism.

Admission and exhaust of air to and from air motor 171, through conduits173 and 174 connected to timer T serves to swing blowhead L downwardlyand upwardly into and out of engagement with the finishing mold atappropriate times. Blowing air is supplied to the blow head throughconduit 175 which leads thereto from a suitable source, not shown.

The operation of the above described apparatus may be as follows:

The parison mold unit is swung over the gathering pool by the action ofcam 70, and dipped into the glass under control of cam 42. Vacuum isapplied to the mold cavities through outside Cam 42 then raises the moldclosed by cam 126, neck pin P is withdrawn by vacuum valve 95 may remainopen but now may j be closed by its cam 127. The blowing out operationhas been sufficiently explained above with reference to Fig. 13. Afterthe expulsion of glass, shear blade S is operated by air motor 145 inthe manner indicated for example in Figs. 14, 15, and Fig. 3.

Immediately following the severing operation, vent valve 112 is openedby cam 129, to exhaust any air which may have been trapped in the hollowparison by the severing action of blade '8 which, as previouslyexplained, forms a film on the bottom of the hollow glass. At theearliest time practicable the upward movement of the mold unit iscompleted by lobe 61 on cam 42, to clear the shear blade and preventsmearing the bottom of the glass in the mold.

During the movement of the parison mold unit to the transfer position,effected by cam 70, the bottom of the parison may be thickened somewhatby the downward flow of glass from the side walls of the parison, aspreviously explained with reference to Fig. 16. The suspended parisonnow is enclosed by the finishing mold J (operated by air motor 162) andblown to final form therein by the supply of air through blow head L,moved into engagement with blow mold J by the operation of air motor171.

Prior to the application of finish blowing air, the parison may be heldin the finishing mold for a period of reheating, if suflicient reheatinghas not occurred by the time the finishing mold closes about theparison, and for the additional purpose of further thickening the bottomof the parison. However, this may not be necessary.

It will be understood that the proper and desired control of the parisonformation and the finish blowing thereof may be obtained by appropriateadjustment of timers T and T1, or parts thereof, and of the other partsof the apparatus, in accordance with principles set forth in the abovedescription of the novel process of the invention.'

The above described embodiments of the invention, may be varied widelyboth as to the details of the method and the character of the apparatusemployed. For example, instead of employing the apparatus shown in Figs.1 to 11, inclusive, a one or two table rotary machine, may be used asalso may a straight line machine of the character disclosed in thecopending application of Algy J. Smith, Serial No. 479,676, filed Sept.4, 1930, provided of course, that such machines are modified accordingto the novel principles herein disclosed.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim and secure byLetters Patent is:

1. The method of forming hollow glassware which comprises, forming acharge of glass by gathering glass in a mold from the surface of agathering pool by suction, expelling sufiicient glass forming theinterior of the charge from the mold to leave therein a hollow body openat the bottom of the mold, disconnecting the hollow body from the glassin the pool and closing the bottom of the hollow body.

2. The method of forming hollow glass parisons which comprises, forminga charge of glass by gathering glass in a neck mold and parison 3. Themethod of forming hollow glassware which comprises, forming a charge ofglass by gathering glass in a mold from the'surface of a gathering poolby suction, expelling sufficient glass forming the interior of thecharge from the mold to leave therein a hollow body open at its bottom,and substantially closing the bottom of the hollow body by severingtherefrom the glass connecting the body and the glass in the pool.

4. The method of forming hollow glassware which comprises, forming acharge of glass by gathering glass in'a mold from the surface of agathering pool by suction, applying blowing air to the charge at leastuntil a central core thereof is expelled from the mold and a bubble ofglass is formed connecting glass remaining in the mold with the glass inthe pool, and simultaneously disconnecting the hollow body and thebubble of glass and closing the bottom of the hollow body.

5. The method of forming hollow glassware which. comprises, forming acharge of glass by gathering glass in a mold from the surface of agathering pool by suction, applying blowing air to the charge atleastuntil a centralcore of the charge is expelled from the mold, and abubble of glass is formed connecting the glass remaining in the moldwith the. glass in the pool, and disconnecting the bubble from the glassin the mold and substantially closing the open bottom of the glass inthe mold.

6. The method of forming hollow glass parisons which comprises, forminga charge of glass by gathering glass in a neck mold and 'parison moldfrom the surface of a gathering pool by suction, forming an initialblowing cavity in the top of the charge, introducing suificient blowingair into the cavity to expel a central core of the charge from the moldand to leave in the mold a hollow tubular body open at its top and alsoopen where the bottom of the mold terminates, severing the charge fromthe glass in the pool, and forming a bottom on the hollow body.

7. The method of forming hollow glassware which comprises, forming acharge of glass by gathering glass in a mold from the surface of agathering pool by suction, forming an initial blowing cavity in the topof the charge, introducing sufiicient blowing air into the cavity toexpel a central core of the charge from the mold and to leave a tubularbody therein, and closing the open bottom of the tubular body andsevering the glass in the mold from that in the pool.

8. The method of forming hollow glassware which comprises, forming acharge of glass by' which comprises, forming a charge of glass bygathering glass in a mold from the surface of a gathering pool bysuction, providing an initial blowing cavity in the charge, applyingsufiicient air to the cavity to expel a central core of the chargefrom'the mold, leaving a tubular body of glass in the mold, andcontinuing the application of air for a sufiicient period of time toform a bubble connecting the body in the mold and the glass in the pool,severing the bubble from the bod and at the same time bursting thebubble and forming a bottom on the tubular body, thickening said bottomwith glass from the interior side walls of the body and thus decreasingthe thickness of said side walls, transferring the hollow body thusformed to a blow mold, and blowing it to final shape in the blow mold.

10. The method of forming hollow glassware which comprises forming glassinto a substantially solid body for a parison having a tapered lowerportion, expelling sufllcient glass from within the body to make thebody hollow and to leave an opening in the 'end of the tapered portionthereof, severing the expelled glass from the body, closing said openingin the body, transferring the hollow body thus formed to a finishingmold, and blowing the parison to final shape in the finishing mold.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the severing operation andthe closing of the opening in the hollow body are performedsimultaneously.

12. Apparatus for forming hollow glassware comprising a suction parisonmold open at its bottom, means for charging said mold with glass fromthe surface of a gathering pool, means for forming an initial blowingcavity in the top of the charge, means operable while the bottom of theglass in the mold is unsupported for applying sufilcient blowing air tothe cavity in the charge to discharge from the mold a substantiallyfull-length central core of the charge, to leave a tubular body in themold, and means for thereafter severing the tubular body in the moldfrom the glass in the pool and for substantially closing the open bottomof the said tubular body.

13. Apparatus for forming hollow glassware comprising a suction parisonmold, said mold having a cavity therein larger in cross sectional areabetween its upper and lower ends than at its lower end, means forcharging said mold with glass from the surface of a gathering pool,means for applying sufiicient blowing air to the charge to expel asubstantially full length core thereof from the-mold, to leave asubstantially tubular body therein, means for severing the expelledglass from the body remaining in the mold, and for closing the bottomend of the substantially tubular body.

14. The method of forming hollow glass parisons which comprises forminga charge of glass in a neck mold and parison mold by gathering glasstherein by suction, expelling sufiicient glass forming the interior ofthe charge from the mold to leave in the mold a hollow body open at itsbottom, severing the expelled glass from the hollow body, closing thebottom of the hollow body, and thickening the lower walls of the hollowbody with glass from the upper walls thereof.

15. The method of forming hollow glass parisons which comprises forminga charge oi? g1 ss in a neck mold and parison mold by gathering glasstherein by suction, expelling sumcient glass forming a central core ofthe charge to leave in the mold a hollow body open at itsbottom,'severing the expelled glass from the hollow body, closing thebottom of the body, the walls of the body thus formed being thinnerabove and thicker below, and thickening the lower walls of the hollowbody with glass from the upper walls thereof.

